What Is The Hammer Effect?

THE HAMMER EFFECT (OR WATER HAMMER) CAN HARM VALVES, PIPES, AND GAUGES IN ANY WATER, OIL, OR GAS APPLICATION. IT OCCURS WHEN THE LIQUID PRESSURE IS TURNED FROM AN ON POSITION TO AN OFF POSITION ABRUPTLY.

WHEN WATER OR A LIQUID IS FLOWING AT FULL CAPACITY THERE IS A NORMAL, EVEN SOUND OF THE FLOW. YOU CAN TELL WHEN WATER HAMMER OCCURS BECAUSE THERE WILL TYPICALLY BE A BIG THUMP SOUND OR A SERIES OF THUDDING NOISES.

THAT NOISE IS THE IMPACT OF THE ENTIRE TRAIN OF WATER COMING TO A QUICK HALT CREATING A SHOCK WAVE.

IN THE CASE OF PRESSURE GAUGES, THIS SHOCK CAUSES A SPIKE THAT CAN DAMAGE THE GAUGE EVEN IF THE GAUGE IS THE CORRECT PRESSURE RANGE FOR THE PARTICULAR FLOW APPLICATION.

ORDINARILY PRESSURE SYSTEMS SHOULD HAVE AIR CHAMBERS (OR CUSHIONS) INSTALLED THAT SOFTEN THE IMPACT AND PREVENT THE HAMMER EFFECT.

ESSENTIALLY, AN AIR CHAMBER IS A VERTICAL SECTION OF PIPING WITH A CAP ON THE END THAT IS ATTACHED TO THE SUPPLY LINE NEAR THE SHUTOFF VALVE. IT IS FILLED WITH AIR THAT ABSORBS THE FORCE OF THE FAST-MOVING LIQUID BY COMPRESSING WITHIN THE CHAMBER. HOWEVER, SOMETIMES THOSE CHAMBERS CAN FAIL.

TO FURTHER COMBAT THE EFFECTS OF WATER HAMMER YOU CAN UTILIZE A WATER HAMMER ARRESTER. OTHER TOOLS YOU COULD USE ARE A PULSATION DAMPENER, SURGE SUPPRESSOR, OR A PRESSURE SNUBBER.

THE IDEA OF EACH OF THESE TOOLS IS THE SAME: TO DAMPEN OR REDUCE THE EFFECT OF THE FAST-MOVING LIQUID.

ANOTHER WAY TO HELP REDUCE THE HAMMER EFFECT IN SOME SCENARIOS IS TO TURN OFF THE FLOW OF LIQUID GRADUALLY INSTEAD OF TURNING THE VALVE OR FAUCET ABRUPTLY.

MOST PRESSURE SYSTEMS WILL EVENTUALLY HAVE WATER HAMMER ISSUES. SO IT IS IMPORTANT TO PLAN AHEAD AND TAKE STEPS TO PREVENT WATER HAMMER TO PRESERVE YOUR GAUGES, VALVES, AND PIPES.

此博客中的热门博文

Water Turbine Design for Small Scale Hydro Energy

https://www.boland-hydroturbine.com/ Selecting the Best Type of Water Turbine Design Selecting the best type of water turbine design for your particular situation often depends on the amount of head and flow rate that is available at your particular location and whether it is at the side of a river or stream, or the water is to be channelled or piped directly to your location. Other factors include whether you want an enclosed “reaction turbine design” such as the Francis turbine or an open “impulse turbine design”, such as the Pelton turbine as well as the speed of rotation of your proposed electrical generator. By analysing all of these factors together you can get some indication of what type of Water Turbine Design may work best for your particular situation. Knowing the difference between a Pelton and Francis turbine for example, will help make the choice easier. The following table gives a basic idea of which particul

阅读全文

Types of Hydropower Plants

There are three types of hydropower facilities: impoundment, diversion, and pumped storage. Some hydropower plants use dams and some do not. The images below show both types of hydropower plants. MPOUNDMENT The most common type of hydroelectric power plant is an impoundment facility. An impoundment facility, typically a large hydropower system, uses a dam to store river water in a reservoir. Water released from the reservoir flows through a turbine, spinning it, which in turn activates a generator to produce electricity. The water may be released either to meet changing electricity needs or to maintain a constant reservoir level. www.boland-hydroturbine.com DIVERSION A diversion, sometimes called run-of-river, facility channels a portion of a river through a canal or penstock. It may not require the use of a dam. PUMPED STORAGE Another type of hydropower called pumped

阅读全文

Hydropower, the only solution for cheapest power generation

https://www.boland-hydroturbine.com/ Hydropower has the lowest life-cycle cost of any power generation technology. Hydropower is a potential life-saver for Pakistan. Yet its development has been hampered for decades. Hence, only 15 percent of Pakistan’s over 60,000MW hydropower potential has been developed in 70 years. Hydropower plants power generation can give a country economy a new path of progress. Despite initial costs and long gestation periods, hydropower plants have almost no fuel cost and have operational lives of over a century. New hydropwer plants generate electricity at Rs6-10 per unit compared to thermal power plants’ Rs15-25 per unit. All other power-generating technologies have up to 30 years of project life and need up to four times expensive plant replacements in foreign exchange. Wind and solar technologies are solely dependent on the weather. They can at best supplement but not replace hydropower which, amo

阅读全文

Boland Hydropower

搜索此博客